495 lines
39 KiB
HTML
495 lines
39 KiB
HTML
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|||
|
<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light">
|
|||
|
<head>
|
|||
|
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
|
|||
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|||
|
<title>Cargo Workspaces - The Rust Programming Language</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
|
|||
|
<meta name="description" content="">
|
|||
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|||
|
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/variables.css">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general.css">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/chrome.css">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print.css" media="print">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Fonts -->
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
|
|||
|
<link href="googleFonts/css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="highlight.css">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="tomorrow-night.css">
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ayu-highlight.css">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ferris.css">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="theme/2018-edition.css">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</head>
|
|||
|
<body>
|
|||
|
<!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
var path_to_root = "";
|
|||
|
var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "light" : "light";
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
try {
|
|||
|
var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
|
|||
|
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
|
|||
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
|
|||
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
} catch (e) { }
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
var theme;
|
|||
|
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
|
|||
|
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
|
|||
|
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
|||
|
html.classList.remove('no-js')
|
|||
|
html.classList.remove('light')
|
|||
|
html.classList.add(theme);
|
|||
|
html.classList.add('js');
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
|||
|
var sidebar = 'hidden';
|
|||
|
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
|
|||
|
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
|
|||
|
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
|
|||
|
html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|||
|
<div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox">
|
|||
|
<ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded affix "><a href="title-page.html">The Rust Programming Language</a></li><li class="expanded affix "><a href="foreword.html">Foreword</a></li><li class="expanded affix "><a href="ch00-00-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch01-00-getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Getting Started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch01-01-installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Installation</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch01-03-hello-cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Hello, Cargo!</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Programming a Guessing Game</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Common Programming Concepts</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Variables and Mutability</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Data Types</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Functions</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Comments</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Control Flow</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Understanding Ownership</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> What is Ownership?</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> References and Borrowing</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> The Slice Type</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Using Structs to Structure Related Data</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch05-01-defining-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Defining and Instantiating Structs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch05-02-example-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> An Example Program Using Structs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch05-03-method-syntax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Method Syntax</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Enums and Pattern Matching</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Defining an Enum</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> The match Control Flow Operator</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Concise Control Flow with if let</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch07-00-managing-growing-projects-with-packages-crates-and-modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Managing Growing Projects with Packages, Crates, and Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="ch07-01-packages-and-crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Packages and Crates</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch07-02-defining-modules-to-control-scope-and-privacy.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> Defining Modules to Control Scope and Privacy</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="ch07-03-paths-for-referring-to-an-item-in-the-module-tree.html"><
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div>
|
|||
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div class="page">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar">
|
|||
|
<div id="menu-bar-sticky-container">
|
|||
|
<div class="left-buttons">
|
|||
|
<button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|||
|
</button>
|
|||
|
<button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
|
|||
|
</button>
|
|||
|
<ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
|
|||
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li>
|
|||
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
|
|||
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
|
|||
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
|
|||
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-search"></i>
|
|||
|
</button>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<h1 class="menu-title">The Rust Programming Language</h1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div class="right-buttons">
|
|||
|
<a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
|
|||
|
<i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
|
|||
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
|
|||
|
<form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
|
|||
|
<input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
|
|||
|
</form>
|
|||
|
<div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
|
|||
|
<div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
|
|||
|
<ul id="searchresults">
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
|
|||
|
document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
|
|||
|
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
|
|||
|
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div id="content" class="content">
|
|||
|
<main>
|
|||
|
<h2><a class="header" href="#cargo-workspaces" id="cargo-workspaces">Cargo Workspaces</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>In Chapter 12, we built a package that included a binary crate and a library
|
|||
|
crate. As your project develops, you might find that the library crate
|
|||
|
continues to get bigger and you want to split up your package further into
|
|||
|
multiple library crates. In this situation, Cargo offers a feature called
|
|||
|
<em>workspaces</em> that can help manage multiple related packages that are developed
|
|||
|
in tandem.</p>
|
|||
|
<h3><a class="header" href="#creating-a-workspace" id="creating-a-workspace">Creating a Workspace</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<p>A <em>workspace</em> is a set of packages that share the same <em>Cargo.lock</em> and output
|
|||
|
directory. Let’s make a project using a workspace—we’ll use trivial code so we
|
|||
|
can concentrate on the structure of the workspace. There are multiple ways to
|
|||
|
structure a workspace; we’re going to show one common way. We’ll have a
|
|||
|
workspace containing a binary and two libraries. The binary, which will provide
|
|||
|
the main functionality, will depend on the two libraries. One library will
|
|||
|
provide an <code>add_one</code> function, and a second library an <code>add_two</code> function.
|
|||
|
These three crates will be part of the same workspace. We’ll start by creating
|
|||
|
a new directory for the workspace:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ mkdir add
|
|||
|
$ cd add
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Next, in the <em>add</em> directory, we create the <em>Cargo.toml</em> file that will
|
|||
|
configure the entire workspace. This file won’t have a <code>[package]</code> section or
|
|||
|
the metadata we’ve seen in other <em>Cargo.toml</em> files. Instead, it will start
|
|||
|
with a <code>[workspace]</code> section that will allow us to add members to the workspace
|
|||
|
by specifying the path to our binary crate; in this case, that path is <em>adder</em>:</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: Cargo.toml</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-toml">[workspace]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
members = [
|
|||
|
"adder",
|
|||
|
]
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Next, we’ll create the <code>adder</code> binary crate by running <code>cargo new</code> within the
|
|||
|
<em>add</em> directory:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo new adder
|
|||
|
Created binary (application) `adder` project
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>At this point, we can build the workspace by running <code>cargo build</code>. The files
|
|||
|
in your <em>add</em> directory should look like this:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">├── Cargo.lock
|
|||
|
├── Cargo.toml
|
|||
|
├── adder
|
|||
|
│ ├── Cargo.toml
|
|||
|
│ └── src
|
|||
|
│ └── main.rs
|
|||
|
└── target
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>The workspace has one <em>target</em> directory at the top level for the compiled
|
|||
|
artifacts to be placed into; the <code>adder</code> crate doesn’t have its own <em>target</em>
|
|||
|
directory. Even if we were to run <code>cargo build</code> from inside the <em>adder</em>
|
|||
|
directory, the compiled artifacts would still end up in <em>add/target</em> rather
|
|||
|
than <em>add/adder/target</em>. Cargo structures the <em>target</em> directory in a workspace
|
|||
|
like this because the crates in a workspace are meant to depend on each other.
|
|||
|
If each crate had its own <em>target</em> directory, each crate would have to
|
|||
|
recompile each of the other crates in the workspace to have the artifacts in
|
|||
|
its own <em>target</em> directory. By sharing one <em>target</em> directory, the crates can
|
|||
|
avoid unnecessary rebuilding.</p>
|
|||
|
<h3><a class="header" href="#creating-the-second-crate-in-the-workspace" id="creating-the-second-crate-in-the-workspace">Creating the Second Crate in the Workspace</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<p>Next, let’s create another member crate in the workspace and call it <code>add-one</code>.
|
|||
|
Change the top-level <em>Cargo.toml</em> to specify the <em>add-one</em> path in the
|
|||
|
<code>members</code> list:</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: Cargo.toml</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-toml">[workspace]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
members = [
|
|||
|
"adder",
|
|||
|
"add-one",
|
|||
|
]
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Then generate a new library crate named <code>add-one</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo new add-one --lib
|
|||
|
Created library `add-one` project
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Your <em>add</em> directory should now have these directories and files:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">├── Cargo.lock
|
|||
|
├── Cargo.toml
|
|||
|
├── add-one
|
|||
|
│ ├── Cargo.toml
|
|||
|
│ └── src
|
|||
|
│ └── lib.rs
|
|||
|
├── adder
|
|||
|
│ ├── Cargo.toml
|
|||
|
│ └── src
|
|||
|
│ └── main.rs
|
|||
|
└── target
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>In the <em>add-one/src/lib.rs</em> file, let’s add an <code>add_one</code> function:</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: add-one/src/lib.rs</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><pre class="playpen"><code class="language-rust">
|
|||
|
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused_variables)]
|
|||
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|||
|
</span>pub fn add_one(x: i32) -> i32 {
|
|||
|
x + 1
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
<span class="boring">}
|
|||
|
</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Now that we have a library crate in the workspace, we can have the binary crate
|
|||
|
<code>adder</code> depend on the library crate <code>add-one</code>. First, we’ll need to add a path
|
|||
|
dependency on <code>add-one</code> to <em>adder/Cargo.toml</em>.</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: adder/Cargo.toml</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
add-one = { path = "../add-one" }
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Cargo doesn’t assume that crates in a workspace will depend on each other, so
|
|||
|
we need to be explicit about the dependency relationships between the crates.</p>
|
|||
|
<p>Next, let’s use the <code>add_one</code> function from the <code>add-one</code> crate in the <code>adder</code>
|
|||
|
crate. Open the <em>adder/src/main.rs</em> file and add a <code>use</code> line at the top to
|
|||
|
bring the new <code>add-one</code> library crate into scope. Then change the <code>main</code>
|
|||
|
function to call the <code>add_one</code> function, as in Listing 14-7.</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: adder/src/main.rs</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore">use add_one;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fn main() {
|
|||
|
let num = 10;
|
|||
|
println!("Hello, world! {} plus one is {}!", num, add_one::add_one(num));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="caption">Listing 14-7: Using the <code>add-one</code> library crate from the
|
|||
|
<code>adder</code> crate</span></p>
|
|||
|
<p>Let’s build the workspace by running <code>cargo build</code> in the top-level <em>add</em>
|
|||
|
directory!</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo build
|
|||
|
Compiling add-one v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/add-one)
|
|||
|
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/adder)
|
|||
|
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.68 secs
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>To run the binary crate from the <em>add</em> directory, we need to specify which
|
|||
|
package in the workspace we want to use by using the <code>-p</code> argument and the
|
|||
|
package name with <code>cargo run</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo run -p adder
|
|||
|
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.0 secs
|
|||
|
Running `target/debug/adder`
|
|||
|
Hello, world! 10 plus one is 11!
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>This runs the code in <em>adder/src/main.rs</em>, which depends on the <code>add-one</code> crate.</p>
|
|||
|
<h4><a class="header" href="#depending-on-an-external-crate-in-a-workspace" id="depending-on-an-external-crate-in-a-workspace">Depending on an External Crate in a Workspace</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>Notice that the workspace has only one <em>Cargo.lock</em> file at the top level of
|
|||
|
the workspace rather than having a <em>Cargo.lock</em> in each crate’s directory. This
|
|||
|
ensures that all crates are using the same version of all dependencies. If we
|
|||
|
add the <code>rand</code> crate to the <em>adder/Cargo.toml</em> and <em>add-one/Cargo.toml</em>
|
|||
|
files, Cargo will resolve both of those to one version of <code>rand</code> and record
|
|||
|
that in the one <em>Cargo.lock</em>. Making all crates in the workspace use the same
|
|||
|
dependencies means the crates in the workspace will always be compatible with
|
|||
|
each other. Let’s add the <code>rand</code> crate to the <code>[dependencies]</code> section in the
|
|||
|
<em>add-one/Cargo.toml</em> file to be able to use the <code>rand</code> crate in the <code>add-one</code>
|
|||
|
crate:</p>
|
|||
|
<!-- When updating the version of `rand` used, also update the version of
|
|||
|
`rand` used in these files so they all match:
|
|||
|
* ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.md
|
|||
|
* ch07-04-bringing-paths-into-scope-with-the-use-keyword.md
|
|||
|
-->
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: add-one/Cargo.toml</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
|
|||
|
rand = "0.5.5"
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>We can now add <code>use rand;</code> to the <em>add-one/src/lib.rs</em> file, and building the
|
|||
|
whole workspace by running <code>cargo build</code> in the <em>add</em> directory will bring in
|
|||
|
and compile the <code>rand</code> crate:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo build
|
|||
|
Updating crates.io index
|
|||
|
Downloaded rand v0.5.5
|
|||
|
--snip--
|
|||
|
Compiling rand v0.5.5
|
|||
|
Compiling add-one v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/add-one)
|
|||
|
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/adder)
|
|||
|
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 10.18 secs
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>The top-level <em>Cargo.lock</em> now contains information about the dependency of
|
|||
|
<code>add-one</code> on <code>rand</code>. However, even though <code>rand</code> is used somewhere in the
|
|||
|
workspace, we can’t use it in other crates in the workspace unless we add
|
|||
|
<code>rand</code> to their <em>Cargo.toml</em> files as well. For example, if we add <code>use rand;</code>
|
|||
|
to the <em>adder/src/main.rs</em> file for the <code>adder</code> crate, we’ll get an error:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo build
|
|||
|
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/adder)
|
|||
|
error: use of unstable library feature 'rand': use `rand` from crates.io (see
|
|||
|
issue #27703)
|
|||
|
--> adder/src/main.rs:1:1
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
1 | use rand;
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>To fix this, edit the <em>Cargo.toml</em> file for the <code>adder</code> crate and indicate that
|
|||
|
<code>rand</code> is a dependency for that crate as well. Building the <code>adder</code> crate will
|
|||
|
add <code>rand</code> to the list of dependencies for <code>adder</code> in <em>Cargo.lock</em>, but no
|
|||
|
additional copies of <code>rand</code> will be downloaded. Cargo has ensured that every
|
|||
|
crate in the workspace using the <code>rand</code> crate will be using the same version.
|
|||
|
Using the same version of <code>rand</code> across the workspace saves space because we
|
|||
|
won’t have multiple copies and ensures that the crates in the workspace will be
|
|||
|
compatible with each other.</p>
|
|||
|
<h4><a class="header" href="#adding-a-test-to-a-workspace" id="adding-a-test-to-a-workspace">Adding a Test to a Workspace</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>For another enhancement, let’s add a test of the <code>add_one::add_one</code> function
|
|||
|
within the <code>add_one</code> crate:</p>
|
|||
|
<p><span class="filename">Filename: add-one/src/lib.rs</span></p>
|
|||
|
<pre><pre class="playpen"><code class="language-rust">
|
|||
|
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused_variables)]
|
|||
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|||
|
</span>pub fn add_one(x: i32) -> i32 {
|
|||
|
x + 1
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#[cfg(test)]
|
|||
|
mod tests {
|
|||
|
use super::*;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#[test]
|
|||
|
fn it_works() {
|
|||
|
assert_eq!(3, add_one(2));
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
<span class="boring">}
|
|||
|
</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>Now run <code>cargo test</code> in the top-level <em>add</em> directory:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo test
|
|||
|
Compiling add-one v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/add-one)
|
|||
|
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (file:///projects/add/adder)
|
|||
|
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.27 secs
|
|||
|
Running target/debug/deps/add_one-f0253159197f7841
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
running 1 test
|
|||
|
test tests::it_works ... ok
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Running target/debug/deps/adder-f88af9d2cc175a5e
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
running 0 tests
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Doc-tests add-one
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
running 0 tests
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>The first section of the output shows that the <code>it_works</code> test in the <code>add-one</code>
|
|||
|
crate passed. The next section shows that zero tests were found in the <code>adder</code>
|
|||
|
crate, and then the last section shows zero documentation tests were found in
|
|||
|
the <code>add-one</code> crate. Running <code>cargo test</code> in a workspace structured like this
|
|||
|
one will run the tests for all the crates in the workspace.</p>
|
|||
|
<p>We can also run tests for one particular crate in a workspace from the
|
|||
|
top-level directory by using the <code>-p</code> flag and specifying the name of the crate
|
|||
|
we want to test:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-text">$ cargo test -p add-one
|
|||
|
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.0 secs
|
|||
|
Running target/debug/deps/add_one-b3235fea9a156f74
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
running 1 test
|
|||
|
test tests::it_works ... ok
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Doc-tests add-one
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
running 0 tests
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>This output shows <code>cargo test</code> only ran the tests for the <code>add-one</code> crate and
|
|||
|
didn’t run the <code>adder</code> crate tests.</p>
|
|||
|
<p>If you publish the crates in the workspace to <a href="https://crates.io/">crates.io</a>,
|
|||
|
each crate in the workspace will need to be published separately. The <code>cargo publish</code> command does not have an <code>--all</code> flag or a <code>-p</code> flag, so you must
|
|||
|
change to each crate’s directory and run <code>cargo publish</code> on each crate in the
|
|||
|
workspace to publish the crates.</p>
|
|||
|
<p>For additional practice, add an <code>add-two</code> crate to this workspace in a similar
|
|||
|
way as the <code>add-one</code> crate!</p>
|
|||
|
<p>As your project grows, consider using a workspace: it’s easier to understand
|
|||
|
smaller, individual components than one big blob of code. Furthermore, keeping
|
|||
|
the crates in a workspace can make coordination between them easier if they are
|
|||
|
often changed at the same time.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</main>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|||
|
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<a rel="prev" href="ch14-02-publishing-to-crates-io.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|||
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<a rel="next" href="ch14-04-installing-binaries.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|||
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<div style="clear: both"></div>
|
|||
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<a href="ch14-02-publishing-to-crates-io.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|||
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<a href="ch14-04-installing-binaries.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|||
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|||
|
</a>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|||
|
window.playpen_copyable = true;
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
<script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
<script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
<script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
<script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="ferris.js"></script>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</body>
|
|||
|
</html>
|