SnakeGame/script.js

/**
 * Game config
 */
const number_levels = 2;
const cell_width = 20;
const cell_height = 20;

/**
 * Cells content
 */
let i = 0;
const EMPTY = i++;
const SNAKE = i++;
const WALL = i++;
const FOOD = i++;
delete i;

/**
 * Get & return an element by its ID
 * 
 * @param {String} id The ID of the element to get
 * @return {HTMLElement} The target element
 */
function byId(id) {
    return document.getElementById(id);
}

/**
 * Draw a line in a canvas rendering context
 * 
 * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Target context
 * @param {Number} x1 Starting x
 * @param {Number} y1 Starting y
 * @param {Number} x2 Ending x
 * @param {Number} y2 Ending y
 */
function drawLine(ctx, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
    ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
    ctx.stroke();
}

/**
 * Generate a random number
 * 
 * @param {Number} min Minimum value
 * @param {Number} max Maximum value
 */
function randInt(min, max) {
    return Math.floor((Math.random()*max) + min)
}

/**
 * Play an audio file
 * 
 * @param {String} url The URL of the audio file to play
 * @returns {HTMLAudioElement} Generated audio element
 */
function playAudio(url) {
    const audio = document.createElement("audio");
    audio.src = url
    audio.play();
    return audio;
}

// Get elements
const startScreen = byId("startScreen")
const gameScreen = byId("gameScreen")
const rulesScreen = byId("rulesScreen")
const levelChoicesTarget = byId("levelChoice")
const stopGameBtn = byId("menuBtn")
const canvasTarget = byId("canvasTarget")
const scoreTarget = byId("scoreTarget")
const rulesBtn = byId("rulesBtn")

// Get map texture
const imgGrass = new Image();
imgGrass.src = './assets/map/grass.png';

// Get wall texture
const imgWall = new Image();
imgWall.src = './assets/wall/wall.jpg';

// Get food texture
const imgApple = new Image();
imgApple.src = './assets/food/apple.png';

// Get snake texture
let imgSnakeHeadUp = new Image();
imgSnakeHeadUp.src = './assets/snake/snake_head_up.png';
let imgSnakeHeadLeft = new Image();
imgSnakeHeadLeft.src = './assets/snake/snake_head_left.png';
let imgSnakeHeadRight = new Image();
imgSnakeHeadRight.src = './assets/snake/snake_head_right.png';
let imgSnakeHeadDown = new Image();
imgSnakeHeadDown.src = './assets/snake/snake_head_down.png';
const imgSnakeBody = new Image();
imgSnakeBody.src = './assets/snake/snake_body.png';


/**
 * Show main screen
 */
function showMainScreen() {
    startScreen.style.display = "unset";
    gameScreen.style.display = "none";
    rulesScreen.style.display = "none";
}

/**
 * Show rules screen
 */
function showRulesScreen() {
    startScreen.style.display = "none";
    gameScreen.style.display = "none";
    rulesScreen.style.display = "unset";
}


/**
 * Start a new game
 * 
 * The scope of the function is the main
 * game scope
 */
async function startGame(gameID) {
    startScreen.style.display = "none";
    gameScreen.style.display = "unset";
    rulesScreen.style.display = "none";

    // Fetch level information
    let level;
    try {
        level = await (await fetch("levels/"+gameID+".json")).json();
    } catch(e) {
        console.error(e);
        alert("Could not load game level!");
        return;
    }

    // Start audio
    const audioEl = playAudio("/assets/game.mp3")
    audioEl.loop = true;

    // Create & apply the canvas
    const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
    canvas.width = cell_width * level.dimensions[1];
    canvas.height = cell_height * level.dimensions[0];
    canvasTarget.appendChild(canvas);

    const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

    // Initialize the map & snake arrays
    /** @type {Array<Array<Number>>} */
    let map = [];
    let snake = [];
    let score = 0;

    /// First with empty cells...
    for(let i = 0; i < level.dimensions[0]; i++) {
        let cell = [];
        for(let j = 0; j < level.dimensions[1]; j++) {
            cell.push(EMPTY);
        }
        map.push(cell)
    }

    /// ... then with cells content
    level.walls.forEach((w) => {
        map[w[0]-1][w[1]-1] = WALL
    })

    level.food.forEach((f) => {
        map[f[0]-1][f[1]-1] = FOOD
    })

    level.snake.forEach((s) => {
        map[s[0]-1][s[1]-1] = SNAKE
        snake.push([s[0]-1, s[1]-1]);
    })

    // Initialize pressed key
    let key = level.firstKey;

    /**
     * Step function
     * 
     * I placed this function here to inherit
     * the map, snake, canvas & ctx variables...
     */
    let currDelay = level.delay;
    setTimeout(() => step(), currDelay);
    function step() {
        
        // Check if a game was destroyed
        if(!canvas.isConnected) {
            audioEl.pause();
            return;
        }

        // Move the snake if required
        if(key) {
            let newHead = Array.from(snake[snake.length-1]);
            let increaseSize = false;

            // Make the snake move
            switch(key) {
                case "ArrowDown":
                    newHead[0]++;
                    break;
                
                case "ArrowUp":
                    newHead[0]--;
                    break;
                
                case "ArrowLeft":
                    newHead[1]--;
                    break;
                
                case "ArrowRight":
                    newHead[1]++;
                    break;
            }

            if(newHead[0] < 0 || newHead[1] < 0 || 
                newHead[0] >= level.dimensions[0] || newHead[1] >= level.dimensions[1]) {
                gameOver();
                return;
            }

            // Trigger appropriate action
            switch(map[newHead[0]][newHead[1]]) {

                case FOOD:
                    increaseSize = true;
                    playAudio("assets/eat.mp3")
                    score++;
                    break;
                
                case SNAKE:
                case WALL:
                    gameOver();
                    break;

            }

            // Push new snake position
            snake.push(newHead);
            map[newHead[0]][newHead[1]] = SNAKE
            
            // Remove the end of the snake if he has not eaten anything
            if(!increaseSize) {
                const oldPos = snake.shift()
                map[oldPos[0]][oldPos[1]] = EMPTY
            }

            // Check if the user has won
            // Note : The user win the game if there is no food left
            // So we search for a line in the map where there is food
            // If none is found, it means that the user has won the game
            //
            // Optimization : We do it only if the user has just increazed its
            // size => the snake has eaten a piece of food
            if(increaseSize && map.find((row) => row.find((el) => el == FOOD) != undefined) == undefined) {
                winGame()
                return;
            }
        }



        // Refresh score
        scoreTarget.innerHTML = score;
        
        
        // Redraw screen
        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
        let pattern = ctx.createPattern(imgGrass, 'repeat');
        ctx.fillStyle = pattern;
        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        
        // First, draw the grid
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.3;
        
        for(let i = 0; i <= level.dimensions[1]; i++) {
            drawLine(ctx, i*cell_width, 0, i*cell_width, canvas.height)
        }
        for(let i = 0; i <= level.dimensions[0]; i++) {
            drawLine(ctx, 0, i*cell_height, canvas.width, i*cell_height, canvas.height)
        }

        
        // Now draw the map
        for(let y = 0; y < map.length; y++) {
            for(let x = 0; x < map[y].length; x++) {

                // Adapt rendering to the element to display
                switch(map[y][x]) {

                    case WALL:
                        ctx.drawImage(imgWall, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                        break;
                    
                    case FOOD:
                        ctx.drawImage(imgApple, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                        break;

                    case SNAKE:
                        ctx.drawImage(imgSnakeBody, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);

                        // Check if it is the head of the snake
                        // If it is the case, we clear the rectangle and put its head instead
                        const headPos = snake[snake.length-1];
                        
                        if(headPos[0] == y && headPos[1] == x) {
                            ctx.clearRect(x*cell_width+1, y*cell_height+1, cell_width-2, cell_height-2);
                            // Restore the background
                            ctx.drawImage(imgGrass, x*cell_width+1, y*cell_height+1, cell_width-2, cell_height-2);

                            // Head Orientation
                            if(key == "ArrowDown")
                                ctx.drawImage(imgSnakeHeadDown, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                            if(key == "ArrowUp" || !key)
                                ctx.drawImage(imgSnakeHeadUp, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                            if(key == "ArrowLeft")
                                ctx.drawImage(imgSnakeHeadLeft, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                            if(key == "ArrowRight")
                                ctx.drawImage(imgSnakeHeadRight, x*cell_width, y*cell_height, cell_width, cell_height);
                        }

                        break;


                }

            }
        }
        

        // Manage automated acceleration of snake
        if(level.hasOwnProperty("acceleration"))
            currDelay -= level.acceleration;
        if(level.hasOwnProperty("minDelay") && currDelay <= level.minDelay)
            currDelay = level.minDelay
        
        setTimeout(() => step(), currDelay);
    }

    /**
     * Call this function once the user loose the game
     */
    function gameOver() {
        audioEl.pause();
        playAudio("assets/gameOver.mp3");
        alert("Game over !!! (Score: " + score + ")");
        location.href = "#";
    }

    /**
     * Call this function when the user win the game
     */
    function winGame() {
        audioEl.pause();
        playAudio("assets/win.mp3");
        alert("You win !!!");
        location.href = "#";
    }

    // Listen for key press events
    document.body.addEventListener("keydown", (ev) => {
        if(!canvas.isConnected)
            return;
        if(["ArrowDown", "ArrowLeft", "ArrowRight", "ArrowUp"].includes(ev.key))
            key = ev.key;
        
        if(ev.key == "p") {
            audioEl.pause()
            alert("Game paused. Close this dialog to resume");
            audioEl.play()
        }
    });

    // Automatically generate new map element if required
    if(level.randWallFreq) {
        const int = setInterval(() => {
            if(!canvas.isConnected)
                clearInterval(int);
            else {
                const pos = [randInt(0, map.length), randInt(0, map[0].length)]
                if(map[pos[0]][pos[1]] == EMPTY)
                    map[pos[0]][pos[1]] = WALL;
            }
        }, level.randWallFreq);
    }

    // Automatically generate new map element if required
    if(level.randFoodFreq) {
        const int = setInterval(() => {
            if(!canvas.isConnected)
                clearInterval(int);
            else {
                const pos = [randInt(0, map.length), randInt(0, map[0].length)]
                if(map[pos[0]][pos[1]] == EMPTY)
                    map[pos[0]][pos[1]] = FOOD;
            }
        }, level.randFoodFreq);
    }
}

/**
 * Change the currently active window
 */
function changeWindow() {
    
    // Make sure there are not canvas left in the background (to make sure
    // no interval is running for an old game)
    canvasTarget.innerHTML = ""

    // Try to get game ID
    const gameID = Number(window.location.hash.substr(1));

    if(gameID > 0)
        startGame(gameID);
    else{
        if(gameID == -1)
            showRulesScreen();
        else
            showMainScreen();
    }
}







// Initialize page

/// Listen to events
window.addEventListener("hashchange", (e) => changeWindow())


// Make game levels form lives
for (let index = 1; index < number_levels + 1; index++) {
    levelChoicesTarget.innerHTML += "<li>" +
        "<li><a href='#"+index+"'>" +
        " Level " + index + "</a></li>";
}



// Stop game
stopGameBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
    location.href = "#";
})

// Refresh current window
changeWindow();